These, and others, met regularly at Gilbert Adair's Subvoicive reading series, which also regularly featured poets from North America, as well as visiting poets such as Caroline Bergvall, Paul Buck, Andrew Duncan, D. S. Marriott, Maggie O'Sullivan and Denise Riley. The British Poetry Revival is the general name given to a loose poetry movement in Britain that took place in the 1960s and 1970s. Mottram, Nuttall, Horovitz and Burns were all close to the Beat generation writers. When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society. Another interesting development was the establishment of the British and Irish poetry discussion list by Richard Caddel. An interesting sub-development of the workshop was the instigation of the Foro De Escritores workshop, in Santiago Chile, run on similar aesthetic principles. Poets reading their work at the first included Edwin Morgan, Norman MacCaig, Tom Buchan, Robert Garioch and Liz Lochhead. Amazon.com: Poetry and Performance During the British Poetry Revival 1960-1980: Event and Effect (Modern and Contemporary Poetry and Poetics): 9783319863504: Virtanen, Juha: Books For a detailed account of these events, see Peter Barry, The Battle of Earl's Court (Manchester University Press, 2007). Fisher, also a professional jazz pianist, applied the lessons of William Carlos Williams' Paterson to his native Birmingham in his long poem City. If the Movement poets looked to Thomas Hardy as a poetic model, the poets associated with the British Poetry Revival were more likely to look to modernist models, such as the American poets Ezra Pound and William Carlos Williams and British figures such as David Jones, Basil Bunting and Hugh MacDiarmid. Old Imprints, ABAA, ILAB. Ships from Deansboro, NY. So who is to say that the old way is the right way? Oblong folio. The Lyrical Ballads published by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798 inaugurated the romantic era. Many of these poets joined Allen Ginsberg and an audience of 7,000 people at the Albert Hall International Poetry Incarnation on 11 June 1965 to create what has often been claimed as the first British happening. Geraldine Monk's edited collection of reminiscences by various Northern poets (including Jim Burns, Paul Buck, Glenda George, and John Seed, CUSP, mentioned above, provides a rich account of innovative poetry outside the metropolis. In the Midlands, Tony Baker's Figs magazine focused more on the Objectivist and Bunting-inspired poetry of the Northumbrian school while introducing a number of new poets. The Digital and eTextbook ISBNs for Poetry and Performance During the British Poetry Revival 1960-1980 are 9783319582115, 3319582119 and the print ISBNs are 9783319582108, 3319582100. For a detailed account of these events, see Peter Barry, The Battle of Earl's Court (Manchester University Press, 2007). So who is to say that the old way is the right way? Linda's Rare Books. In the Midlands, Tony Baker's Figs magazine focused more on the Objectivist and Bunting-inspired poetry of the Northumbrian school while introducing a number of new poets. British Poetry Revival. Wikipedia. The Identity Of Ireland : The Impact Of Irish Identity . Fisher, taking his cues in part from William Carlos Williams and the Black Mountain Poets, was able to work their modern ideas into British poetry, creating a new amalgam that was vibrant and Humanities International Complete. Griffiths writes a poetry of dazzling surface and deep political commitment that incorporates such matter as his professional knowledge of Anglo-Saxon and his years as a Hells Angel. The poets included an older generation . It took British Poetry a long time to assimilate European modernism. 31 Jan. 2017. Turnbull, who spent some time in the U. S., was also influenced by Williams. They wanted to explore more real and visual poetry that . The revival was a modernist-inspired reaction to the Movement's more conservative approach to British poetry. Poets David Gascoyne, selected by Jeremy Reed; W. S. Graham, selected by Tony Lopez; David Jones, selected by Drew Milne; J.F. They had their roots in Dada events at the Cabaret Voltaire (Zurich) at the start of the century.[2]. In 1963, Connie and Tom Pickard started a reading series and bookshop in the Morden Tower Book Room. Bolo reakciou na konzervatvnej the Movement, ktor bol tie bsnickou kolou britskej pozie. Literary Reference Center. A sample of a leading poets poem: Errory by Tom Raworth. Nuttall and MacSweeney both served as chairperson of the society during this period and Bob Cobbing used the photocopying facilities in the basement of the society's building to produce Writers Forum books. His ongoing Magic Door sequence is widely regarded as one of the major long poems to come out of the Revival. [6] The first reading was by Bunting, and Ginsberg, Robert Creeley, Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Gregory Corso all read there. The British Poetry Revival was a reaction to the Movement that started a decade earlier. Opinie; Pomoc; Za konto; Zaloguj si; Poetry and Performance During the British Poetry Revival 1960-1980 : Event and Effect ksika. It featured a section on the Revival poets edited by Mottram and another on the younger poets edited by Edwards. CUSP: recollections of poetry in transition (Shearsman, 2012). The British Poetry Revival understood that poetry does not have a Judicial system and, there are no rules. The Grosseteste Review, which published these poets, was originally thought of as a kind of magazine of British Objectivism. He also ran Reality Street Editions with Cambridge-based Wendy Mulford, which continues to be a major publisher of contemporary poetry. "The British Poetry Revival" is the general name given to a loose poetry movement in Britain that took place in the 1960s and 1970s. ), The New British poetries: the scope of the possible (Manchester University Press, 1993). It was a modernist-inspired reaction to the more conservative Movement poetry of the time. Poets who attended there (a number of them also students taught by Mottram) included Gilbert Adair, Peter Barry, Sean Bonney, Hannah Bramness, Clive Bush, Ken Edwards, Bill Griffiths, Robert Hampson, Jeff Hilson and Will Rowe. The poets included an older generation . For an account of some of the work produced by these poets, see Robert Hampson and Peter Barry (eds. Author: Rabindranath Tagore Language: English Keywords: Literature / Poetry / Hinduism Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive . This chapter defines the literary movement called the British Poetry Revival from 1960 to 1978. British Poetry Revival - London. If you see Sign in through society site in the sign in pane within a journal: If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. To these modest fellas poetry should be based upon traditional devices in literature and included simple, sensuous content, and traditional form. Edwards ran Reality Studios, a magazine that grew out of Alembic, the magazine he had co-edited through the 1970s. The Revival was a modernist -inspired reaction to the Movement 's more conservative approach to British poetry. In addition to the poets of the revival, many of these presses and magazines also published avant-garde American and European poetry. [ edit] See also Black Mountain poets Language poetry The Movement Situationism > The Poetry of Saying > The British Poetry Revival 1960-1978; The Poetry of Saying. "A treacherous assault on British poetry". Through Reality Studios, he helped introduce the L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poets to a British readership. Contents. In this poem Thomas Hardy uses the triolet form: The triolet is a short poem of eight lines with only two rhymes used throughout. 80 items. This continues to provide a forum for discussion and the exchange of news on experimental British poetry. It is called the period of Romantic Revival because the glorious productions of the nineteenth century had a close kinship with those of the spacious age of Elizabeth. 128 items. Little Magazines. "The British Poetry Revival" is the general name given to a loose poetry movement in Britain that took place in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1994 W. N. Herbert and Richard Price co-edited the anthology of Scottish Informationist poetry Contraflow on the SuperHighway (Gairfish and Southfields Press). In some ways, this is perfectly understandable because what Eric Mottram called 'The British Poetry Revival 1960-1975' continues to function as the return of the repressed. The Cambridge poets in general wrote in a cooler, more measured style than many of their London or Northumbrian peers (although Barry MacSweeney, for example, felt an affinity with them) and many taught at Cambridge University or at Anglia Polytechnic. In 1987, Crozier and Longville published their anthology A Various Art, which focused mainly on the Cambridge poets, and Iain Sinclair edited yet another anthology of Revival-related work Conductors of Chaos (1996). If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institutions website, please contact your librarian or administrator. A number of publishing outlets for this new experimental poetry also began to spring up, including Turnbull's Migrant Press, Raworth's Matrix Press and Goliard Press, Horovitz's New Departures, Stuart Montgomery's Fulcrum Press, Tim Longville's Grosseteste Review, Galloping Dog Press and its Poetry Information magazine, Pig Press, Andrew Crozier and Peter Riley's The English Intelligencer, Crozier's Ferry Press, and Cobbing's Writers Forum. Kornelia Freitag and Katharina Vester. The alliterative revival was an important period of time during which poets returned to alliterative verse, the meter in which the first English-language poems were written. In large part through Mottram's presence there, King's College London was another important site for the British Poetry Revival. The revival was a modernist-inspired reaction to the Movement's more conservative approach to British poetry. . It featured a section on the Revival poets edited by Mottram and another on the younger poets edited by Edwards. Among the modern poets, T.S. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Children of Albion: Poetry of the Underground in Britain, Other: British and Irish Poetry since 1970, Anthology of Twentieth-Century British and Irish Poetry, Archives of the British and Irish poetry discussion list, Piers Hugill on British Poetry since 1977, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Poetry_Revival&oldid=1091490455, This page was last edited on 4 June 2022, at 16:40. Enter your library card number to sign in. Black British Spoken Word Poetry Since 1965 Aesthetics, Activisms, Auralities Central School of Speech and Drama, University of London, UK Friday 18th November 2022 Keynote Speakers: Carolyn Cooper, Professor Emerita, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica and Jay Bernard, Writer and Artist, Berlin and London 2 London. There was also less emphasis on performance than there was among the London poets. Art Ephemera. The first anthology to present a wide-ranging selection of the new movement was Horovitz's Children of Albion: Poetry of the Underground in Britain (1969). See below. Much wider publication for Revival poetry was arranged via the USA. The Movement Poets and the Movement Orthodoxy in the 1950s and 1960s, The New Sensibility: Tom Raworth in the 1960s, Vociferous Sets of Opponents in London and Cambridge, Naming the Rocks in a Larger than National Way; The Poetry of Place, Starting to Make the World: The Poetry of Roy Fisher in the 1960s and 1970s, Keeping the Doors Open: the Poetry of Lee Harwood in the 1960s and 1970s, The Persistence of the Movement Orthodoxy in the 1980s and 1990s, Linguistically Innovative Poetry 19782000, What Was To One Side or Not Real: The Poetry of Tom Raworth 19701991, Creative Linkage in the Work of Allen Fisher, Adrian Clarke and Ulli Freer during the 1980s and 1990s, The Ballet of the Speech Organs: The Poetry of Bob Cobbing 19652000, Be come, Be spoke, Be eared: The Poetics of Transformation and Embodied Utterance in the work of Maggie O'Sullivan during the 1980s and 1990s, Literary Studies (African American Literature), Literary Studies (Fiction, Novelists, and Prose Writers), Browse content in Science and Mathematics, Browse content in Business and Management, Browse content in Regional and Area Studies, https://doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780853238195.003.0003. Stapled wrappers. Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic. Eric Mottram was a central figure on the London scene, both for his personal and professional knowledge of the Beat generation writers and the US poets linked with the New American Poetry more generally, and his abilities as a promoter and poet. The Cambridge poets in general wrote in a cooler, more measured style than many of their London or Northumbrian peers (although Barry MacSweeney, for example, felt an affinity with them) and many taught at Cambridge University or at Anglia Polytechnic. Paul Buck and Glenda George for many years edited Curtains, a magazine instrumental in disseminating contemporary French poetry and philosophical/theoretical writing. His name evokes pioneering publishers of the last halfcentury; his translations of the Dada poet Tristan Tzara were published in diverse editions, and he enjoyed a wide acquaintance among the poets of California, NewYork and England. Eric Mottram (29 December 1924 - 16 January 1995) was a British teacher, critic, editor and poet who was one of the central figures in the British Poetry Revival. About 700 people attended. ), Bill Griffiths (Salt, 2007). The final festival, POEM74, included readings by Adrian Henri, Libby Houston, Jeff Nuttall, Rose McGuire, Frances Horovitz, Ruth Fainlight and Sorley Maclean. Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions. Today. The revival was a modernist-inspired reaction to the Movement's more conservative approach to British poetry. The revival was a modernist-inspired reaction to the Movement's more conservative approach to British poetry. Mottram, Nuttall, Horovitz and Burns were all close to the Beat generation writers. Consequently, the term English poetry is unavoidably ambiguous. For more on Griffiths's poetry, see William Rowe (ed. They are alone!Albert Camus (19131960), Let us, then, take our compass; we are something, and we are not everything. The poets included Bill Griffiths, Allen Fisher, Iain Sinclair, Gilbert Adair, Lawrence Upton, Peter Finch, Ulli Freer, Gavin Selerie, Frances Presley . Pinterest. 4)Improvisationor experimentation instead of a traditional form or pattern. Anselm Hollo. London. Into the 1990s and beyond poets such as Sean Bonney, Jeff Hilson, and Piers Hugill have surfaced after direct involvement in the Cobbing-led Writers Forum workshop. The British Poetry Revival is the general name given to a loose poetry movement in Britain that took place in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. The first widely available gathering of the British Poetry Revival was the 1969 campaigning anthology by Michael Horovitz entitled Children of Albion: Poetry of the Underground in Britain, which might be regarded as a rejoinder to The New Poetry. Contributors and recipients included Peter Armstrong, Jim Burns, Elaine Feinstein, John Hall, John James, Tim Longville, Barry MacSweeney, J. H. Prynne, Tom Raworth, John Temple, Chris Torrance and Nick Wayte'[10]. The London-based Angel Exhaust magazine brought many of the younger poets together - in particular, Adrian Clarke, Robert Sheppard and Andrew Duncan. Prynne was influenced by Charles Olson and Crozier was partly responsible for Carl Rakosi's return to poetry in the 1960s. subdomain creator for minecraft Menu. Traditionally, scholars have differentiated between so-called formal (or classical) alliterative poems and informal alliterative poems. In Scotland, Edwin Morgan, Ian Hamilton Finlay and Tom Leonard emerged as key individual poets during this time, each interested in, among other forms, sound and visual poetry. Short Synopsis: Ben leaps to 1980s Los Angeles and into the body of Eva Sandoval, a no-nonsense bounty hunter in the midst of securing an elusive target. Two of the most important expatriate poets operating in Wales were John Freeman and Chris Torrance. Nuttall and MacSweeney both served as chairperson of the society during this period and Bob Cobbing used the photocopying facilities in the basement of the society's building to produce Writers Forum books. The British Poetry Revival is the general name given to a loose poetry movement in Britain that took place in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Mar 1, 1956. Web. 31 Jan. 2017. Poetry and Performance During the British Poetry Revival 1960-1980 Event and Effect - Juha Virtanen Zobacz i zamw z bezpatn dostaw! Over this period, English poets have written some of the most enduring poems in Western culture, and the language and its poetry have spread around the globe. Another interesting development was the establishment of the British and Irish poetry discussion list by Richard Caddel. In the late 1970s, in response to the number of foreign poets being featured in Poetry Review, Mottram was removed as editor of the magazine; his editorial practices being described as "a treacherous assault on British poetry". n.p. Our intellect holds the same position in the world of thought as our body occupies in the expanse of nature.Blaise Pascal (16231662), These beginnings of commerce on a lake in the wilderness are very interesting,these larger white birds that come to keep company with the gulls.Henry David Thoreau (18171862). The early formation of this group is evidenced in the pages of The English Intelligencer, a privately-circulated worksheet published between January 1966 and April 1968. Freeman is another British poet influenced by the Objectivists, and he has written on both George Oppen and Niedecker.In 1985, he edited Not Comforts / but Visions, essays on the poetry of George Oppen, which included work by John Seed, Jeremy Hooker, Freeman, Hampson and others. If the Movement poets looked to Thomas Hardy as a poetic model, the poets associated with the British Poetry Revival were more likely to look to modernist models, such as the American poets Ezra Pound and William Carlos Williams and British figures such as David Jones, Basil Bunting and Hugh MacDiarmid. Over the next six years, he edited twenty issues that featured most, if not all, of the key Revival poets and carried reviews of books and magazines from the wide range of small presses that had sprung up to publish them. The poets included an older generation - Bob Cobbing, Paula Claire, Tom Raworth, Eric Mottram, Jeff Nuttall, Andrew Crozier, Lee Harwood, Allen Fisher, Iain Sinclairand a younger generation: Paul Buck, Bill Griffiths, John Hall, John James, Gilbert Adair, Lawrence Upton, Peter Finch, Ulli Freer, Ken Edwards, Robert Gavin Hampson, Gavin Selerie, Frances Presley, Elaine Randell, Robert Sheppard, Adrian Clarke, Clive Fencott, Maggie O'Sullivan, Cris Cheek, Tony Lopez and Denise Riley.[1]. Buy print or eBook [Opens in a new window] Book contents. An interesting sub-development of the workshop was the instigation of the Foro De Escritores workshop, in Santiago Chile, run on similar aesthetic principles. 658-680), who was, according to legend, an illiterate herdsman who produced extemporaneous poetry at a monastery at Whitby. These poets provided a wide range of modes and models of how modernism could be integrated into British poetry. The features of their poems included: 1) Focus on the process of perception, consciousness, and putting into language in a poem rather than what is perceived or experienced. Wyszukiwanie zaawansowane; . A better sample of the work of the first and second generations of the Revival is provided by the sections edited by Eric Mottram and Ken Edwards in The New British Poetry (1988). At Easter, 1967 MacSweeney organised the Sparty Lea Poetry Festival. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! Children of Albion: Poetry of the Underground in Britain, Other: British and Irish Poetry since 1970, Archives of the British and Irish poetry discussion list, Piers Hugill on British Poetry since 1977. The first anthology to present a wide-ranging selection of the new movement was Horovitz's Children of Albion: Poetry of the Underground in Britain (1969). Contents 1 Genesis 2 London 3 Northumbria and Northern England 4 Cambridge 5 Wales and Scotland 6 "A treacherous assault on British poetry" 7 The 1980s and after 8 See also 9 Notes 10 External links Genesis For some account of this period, see the reminiscences of Chris Torrance and Peter Finch in Geraldine Monk's CUSP: recollections of poetry in transition (Shearsman, 2012). 04 Feb. 2017. No one could fail to be enriched and delighted by Test Centre Books. The revival was a modernist-inspired reaction to the Movement's more conservative approach to British poetry. mythic and secular aspects of Eliot's poetry: Anglo-Catholic belief (Barry Spurr), the integration of doctrine and poetry (Tony Sharpe), the modernist mythopoeia of Four Quartets (Michael Bell), the 'felt significance' of religious poetry (Andy Mousley), ennui as a modern . Though Britain avoided an actual revolution, political tensions sporadically broke out into traumatizing violence, as in the Peterloo massacre of 1819, in which state cavalry killed at least 10 peaceful demonstrators and wounded hundreds more. Web. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian. He was influenced by the Black Mountain poets, sometimes called projectivist poets, were a group of mid 20th century American avant-garde or post modernpoets centered on Black Mountain collegein North Carolina. Although these major British poets had effectively been written out of official histories of 20th century British poetry, by the beginning of the 1960s a number of younger poets were starting to explore poetic possibilities that the older writers had opened up. Finch, Peter. Like Maggie O'Sullivan, she writes for performance as much as for the page and there is an undercurrent of feminist concerns in her work. Book production has always been an important part of Revival practice. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. He published widely since 1963, gaining awards and. The viability of a wider, deeper experimental infrastructure in poetry was helped by the gallery, performance space and bookshop at the Third Eye Centre in Glasgow (later renamed the Centre for Contemporary Arts). Magazines such as Scottish International, "Chapman", and Duncan Glen's magazine Akros maintained links with the modernist legacy of the inter-war and post-war years while publishing contemporary poets; often, however, by mixing the avant-garde with aesthetically conservative texts. Although published by Writers Forum and Pirate Press, Geraldine Monk is very much a poet of the North of England. In 1971, a large number of the poets associated with the British Poetry Revival joined the dormant, if not moribund Poetry Society and in the elections became the Poetry Society's new council. The Grosseteste Review, which published these poets, was originally thought of as a kind of magazine of British Objectivism. His poetry was hailed . Contents: 1 Beginnings. Around this time, Cobbing, Finch and others established the Association of Little Presses (ALP) to promote and support small press publishers and organise book fares at which they could sell their productions. The British Poetry Revival is the general name given to a loose poetry movement in Britain that took place in the 1960s and 1970s. The Revival was a modernist-inspired reaction to the Movement's more conservative approach to British poetry. In the same vein, in 1972-4 John Schofield, then a post-graduate student, organised three annual poetry festivals in various halls at Edinburgh University, called POEM 72, POEM73 and POEM74. Web. His fellow Scots Morgan and Finlay both worked with found, sound and visual poetry. 3 Northumbria. By saying screw the rules they opened the door to various new styles of poetry and impacted poetry for generations to come. Poetry and Performance During the British Poetry Revival 1960-1980: Event and Effect (Modern and Contemporary Poetry and Poetics) Thus English poetry has displayed more and more the intellectual traits of Donne's poetry. Thomas Hardy was the go to man for their views because of his ability to write poetry in a structured and traditional way. "The British Poetry Revival" is the general name given to a loose poetry movement in Britain that took place in the 1960s and 1970s. Turnbull, who spent some time in the U. S., was also influenced by Williams. [9], The Cambridge poets were a group centred around J. H. Prynne and included Andrew Crozier, John James, Douglas Oliver, Veronica Forrest-Thomson, Peter Riley, Tim Longville and John Riley. Mottram, Nuttall, Horovitz and Burns were all close to the Beat generation writers. When a Poet writes poetry he can scarcely fail to interest. John Osbourne - "Look back in anger" A famous play from Osborne, the main character expresses his anger and disappointment in society and the press. Specifically, Louis Zukofsky and Lorine Niedecker were to become important models for Caddel and Simms in their writing about the Northumbrian environment, while John Seed picked up on George Oppen. Over the next six years, he edited twenty issues that featured most, if not all, of the key Revival poets and carried reviews of books and magazines from the wide range of small presses that had sprung up to publish them. From Scotland, Peter Manson, who had co-edited the magazine Object Permanence in the mid-1990s, Drew Milne, editor of Parataxis, David Kinloch and Richard Price (previously editors of Verse and Southfields) also emerged more fully as poets in their own right. Many of these writers also participated enthusiastically in performance poetry events, both individually or in groups like Cobbing's Bird Yak and Konkrete Canticle. There was also less emphasis on performance than there was among the London poets. O'Sullivan explores a view of the poet as shaman in her work, while Randell and Riley were among the first British women poets to combine feminist concerns with experimental poetic practice. Those associated with the Barque Press (most obviously Andrea Brady and Keston Sutherland), and more recently Bad Press (in particular, Marianne Morris and Jow Lindsay), have made a similar impact via the Cambridge scene. "The British Poetry Revival" is the general name given to a loose poetry movement in Britain that took place in the 1960s and 1970s. Allen Fisher set up Spanner for similar reasons, and Sinclair's early books were published by his own Albion Village Press, which also published work by Chris Torrance and Brian Catling. Watch. This was to be a pivotal event in the British Poetry Revival, bringing together poets who were separated geographically and in terms of poetic influences and encouraging them to support and publish each other's work. And the author of this posthumous volume was not only a poet but no mean critic too. And any deviation from the rules was disliked by the teachers of poetic thought. In 1994 W. N. Herbert and Richard Price co-edited the anthology of Scottish Informationist poetry Contraflow on the SuperHighway (Gairfish and Southfields Press). Prynne was influenced by Charles Olson and Crozier was partly responsible for Carl Rakosi's return to poetry in the 1960s. The earliest English poetry The first page of Beowulf The earliest known English poem is a hymn on the creation; Bede attributes this to Cdmon (fl. Writers and artists identified these with the Celtic people in parts of pre-Christian and early Christian Europe. It was founded by Andrew Crozier, who edited the first and third series; the second series was edited by Peter Riley. Both Sinclair and Fisher share a taste for William Blake and an interest in exploring the meaning of place, particularly London, which can be seen in Sinclair's Suicide Bridge and Lud Heat and Fisher's Place sequence of books. A number of publishing outlets for this new experimental poetry also began to spring up, including Turnbull's Migrant Press, Raworth's Matrix Press and Goliard Press, Horovitz's New Departures, Stuart Montgomery's Fulcrum Press, Tim Longville's Grosseteste Review, Galloping Dog Press and its Poetry Information magazine, Pig Press, Andrew Crozier and Peter Riley's The English Intelligencer, Crozier's Ferry Press, and Cobbing's Writers Forum. As well as being influenced by the Beats they looked back to modernist poets such as Ezra Pound and William Carlos Williams, as well as to British poets like Hugh MacDiarmid and Basil Bunting. Poetry and Performance During the British Poetry Revival 1960-1980: Event and Effect is written by Juha Virtanen and published by Palgrave Macmillan.
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