Sign 2 - Look at Your Ball Python's Eyes Another area to study is their eyes. Increase the humidity in your snakes enclosure. The death of a pet is always hard to take. Copyright 2018-2022 All rights Reserved. Always keep the temperature of the enclosure between 80 and 90 degrees. There is no treatment for IBD in ball pythons, and it is recommended any snake showing the symptoms be removed from the vicinity of other snakes and placed in a separate enclosure in a different room. it's a good sign that your humidity is too low. A healthy ball python can survive weeks without eating, they will not start to suffer health problems unless they are already underweight. Tight or wrinkly skin Aside from a ball python's colors changing before they shed, their skin texture will also change. If you notice your ball python, who is definitely not about to lay eggs, constantly flipping onto its back it might be a sign it is experiencing pain or pressure building up in its body. With improper care, its easy for a ball python to get fat. Make sure there are ample dark hiding spots for your ball python, whether under rocks or wood, or underground. A sick ball python will only get worse if its left untreated. Mist your ball python lightly every day and provide drinking water to fix dehydration in your pet snake. Dont let your snake suffer like the one I saw, make sure to give them the best care possible. dents or cracks, it's a good sign that your humidity is too low. A humidity level of between 40%-60% should be maintained. The blue phase of shedding lasts for 2 - 4 days and leads to the . Ball Python Shedding stages, shedding process,Update.Update.Update.Update.Please check out link below of our ball python bathing update videohttps://. Ball python shedding signs Dull coloration Pink tint on a belly Silvery sheen on the skin Dull eyes, bluish coloration Loss of appetite Unwillingness to come out or be handled (even aggression at a later stage when eyes are covered) Lethargy Spending 1-3 days in a moist hide, and generally hiding all the time document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Hi, I'm Lou. If it is constipated, you can try offering it a small amount of water or olive oil. . Some health problems, such as snake mites and regurgitation, can easily be treated at home. A snake that cant shed its tail could get a bacterial infection that potentially leads to sepsis. Snakes need a lot of humidity to shed properly. Symptoms dull scale coloration opaque blue eyes lethargy loss of appetite defensive behavior wrinkled skin (looks alarmingly like severe dehydration) Cause shedding skin to accommodate growth or weight gain/loss Treatment Like other reptiles, ball pythons shed their skin regularly as they grow. If this behavior continues, then your ball python can develop raw spots and sores on its head and/or nose. These three factors are, changing stomach colour, changing skin colour and glossy eyes. 7 Signs of Snakes in Your Yard (Video Included), Are Ball Python Bites Dangerous or Painful? 7. Mercury Pets is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'mercurypets_com-large-leaderboard-1','ezslot_3',126,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mercurypets_com-large-leaderboard-1-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'mercurypets_com-large-leaderboard-1','ezslot_4',126,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mercurypets_com-large-leaderboard-1-0_1');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'mercurypets_com-large-leaderboard-1','ezslot_5',126,'0','2'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mercurypets_com-large-leaderboard-1-0_2');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'mercurypets_com-large-leaderboard-1','ezslot_6',126,'0','3'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mercurypets_com-large-leaderboard-1-0_3');.large-leaderboard-1-multi-126{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:3px!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important;margin-top:3px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;min-width:300px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}, link to How Long Do Chimpanzees Sleep? The impending shed stage, or the pre-shedding process, takes anywhere between just under a week to two or three weeks in total.During this time, your snake will exhibit both physical and behavioural changes that you should take as cues to increase the humidity of your ball . You could still take it to the vet to get checked, but it is very likely they may simply suggest extra care being offered to the ball python as it passes through the final stage of its life. Mouth rot in ball pythons occurs when the snake has a bacterially-infected wound in its mouth, perhaps due to losing a tooth or fang. My ball python has, unfortunately, passed away due to age or illness. Most ball python feces will usually consist of a typical brown or black part that looks like the poop of almost every other living thing around, as well as a chalkier part that may vary in color. What Are the Signs of an Unhealthy Ball Python? Also, I will give you some tips on how to extend the lifespan of your snake.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'mercurypets_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_12',130,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mercurypets_com-medrectangle-4-0'); if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'mercurypets_com-box-4','ezslot_22',131,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mercurypets_com-box-4-0');Ball pythons are nocturnal creatures and spend the majority of their time burrowing or hiding under rocks. Ive never seen an animal that sick before, and it really opened my eyes to how important it is to care for our pets properly. We will go into more detail about each of these signs below and what they might mean for your ball pythons health. If a snake doesnt eat for more than a month, it will begin to lose weight. A constant source of fresh, clean, chlorine-free water should be provided for the ball python to drink or use for soaking. This is thought to be partially due to the fact that they may become temporarily blind during the process (when their eyes are blue). Adequate humidity is essential for a snake to have a complete shed that doesn't get stuck part-way through. Most Ball Python shed every four to six weeks. Mucus bubbles around a ball pythons nostrils may mean it has a serious respiratory infection. By composting your ball python you would essentially be allowing it to end its life in the same way it would have if it were wild. Do not leave a white light on for more than 12 hours a day. Once or twice a month, soak your ball python in a warm bath of freshwater for 10 to 20 minutes when you see its skin becoming a bit cloudy (also known as "going into blue"). When do ball pythons shed? if youre not sure whether your ball python is dehydrated, look for these signs: Dehydration in ball pythons can cause a variety of health problems, including an inability to regulate body temperature, seizures, and even death. This is an attempt by the ball python to get more oxygen into its system to compensate for the failing organs. Feeding is a better gauge of husbandry typically if the temps are off up or down the snake will not eat. : . IBD affects both boas and pythons and is a viral disease that is fatal. If youre noticing your ball python is lethargic, dont be afraid. This behavioral change is closely linked to lethargy. oh what a life we lead. Other reasons include protecting its environment, sensing heat, and lacking trust. However, its important to be able to tell whether the snake is hibernating or dead so that you can take appropriate action. Been waiting a long time for my BPs shed. if you notice any of these signs, its important to seek medical attention from a reptile veterinarian as soon as possible. The full process from the beginning of slough to the skin actually coming off takes between 10 - 14 days. If the shed comes out all in 1 piece it usually indicates that your husbandry is good, but it is by no means a 100% way to judge. Provide it with a small, shallow bowl of fresh water. Other ball python shedding signs include loss of appetite, lethargy and a tendency for the ball python to remain in its hide most of the time. [1] Watch your snake's eyes. So if your snake is stargazing, it is important to take it to the vet right away. Make sure their enclosure is well-insulated and draft-free. 2. This is because the snakes body is no longer able to generate the energy it needs to move around. So what should you expect when you see your ball python shed for the first time? ), Feed adult ball pythons once every two weeks. Smith, you and I have a lot in common now. When do ball pythons shed? Often the first sign that your ball python is about to shed is that its stomach turns pink. It is light, clumps easily when wet (waste) and can be spot cleaned easily. I still remember the first time I ever saw a ball python that was near death. Shedding is one of the most common reasons for why ball pythons won't eat. Retrieved January 21, 2021, from https://www.snakesforpets.com/signs-of-an-unhealthy-ball-python/. The toxins that are building up in its system are causing the skin to change color and the body to swell. Below are the most important twelve signs to look out for in your ball python that could mean it is seriously ill or dying. A ball python sheds every four to six weeks. If possible, you should also try to provide some humidity in the air this can be done by placing a wet towel near the snakes enclosure. ), link to Will Rats Leave If There Is No Food? If he is not eating enough, he wont have the energy they need to be active. More regular twitching and spasming might be related to neurological issues. However, if the skin is overly loose or wrinkled, or if your snake should not be going into shed, this can be a sign of dehydration in your ball python. But, with most ball pythons living for between 25-30 years it might be difficult to spot the signs of your snake reaching the end of its lifespan. The wound will grow less visible as each layer is lost, possibly leaving a scar. Health problems in ball pythons most commonly affect the skin, mouth, and respiratory system. Initially, theyll appear as small black dots as big as apple pips with their heads hidden underneath the snakes scales. When a ball python is dying, one of the first things you might notice is that it starts to produce bubbles around its nostrils. This is a sign that the snake is having trouble breathing, and it usually means that the end is near. As cold-blooded animals, reptiles are very sensitive to changes in temperature. This occurs every 4 - 6 weeks in adults and more regularly in juveniles. Some morphs, especially darker ones, will become darker before shedding. This stargazing behavior is often a sign that the snake is having respiratory problems. However, when a ball python is dying, it will become increasingly lethargic and may even stay in the same spot for hours or days at a time. There are a few things you can do to help prevent dehydration in your ball python. Vote for BP.Net for the 2013 Forum of the Year! Its highly contagious and can kill all of your pythons and boas if you arent careful. Snake Facts February 11, 2013 by Elise Xavier Stress in snakes is the result of many easily preventable husbandry issues, such as: The most obvious sign of stress in ball pythons is head rubbing, especially if your snake is rubbing its head against things when it isnt shedding. Like any pet, ball pythons (royal pythons) can and do get sick. Pet Snakes That Eat Vegetables (With Video), Their mouth will smell bad because of the infection, The inside of its mouth, especially near the wound, will be pink or red, The wound may be weeping, i.e. Bubbles Around Its Nostrils 7. Place the mat under the tub and set to 82-84F (27-28C) , then fill it 1 (2 cm) deep with electrolyte solution (75% sports drink, 25% water). Shes 4 months. Ball python bellies are usually full and plump. He has been practicing in Veterinary Medicine for about five years. Then spray the entire enclosure (after its been cleaned) and leave the spray to dry before putting the snake back in. While it is normal for humans to shed every few months, reptiles can't stretch their skin as we do. Tail suck is when the underside of a gravid ball python caves in. That is why it is extremely important to pay attention to the overall wellbeing and happiness of your ball python so that you and your snake can spend the longest time possible together. When its offered food, its head wobbles back and forth. One way to do this is by providing your ball python with a water dish that is large enough for it to soak in. Check that the enclosure is warm enough and the humidity level is optimal. The changes in a ball pythons behavior when it is near death are simply a result of its body shutting down. We detail exactly how much ball pythons are supposed to be eating, whether theyve just hatched or theyre 10 years old. In his free time, He enjoys spending time with his own pets, exploring hiking trails, and researching new and interesting reptile species. Below is a summary of the most important factors to be kept in mind to ensure your ball python has a long and happy life. You can tell that a ball python has mouth rot due to the following: Their mouth will smell bad because of the infection The inside of its mouth, especially near the wound, will be pink or red The wound may be 'weeping,' i.e. Severe Weight Loss 4. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'mercurypets_com-mobile-leaderboard-2','ezslot_15',110,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mercurypets_com-mobile-leaderboard-2-0');If a snake is sick or weak it may not do so at all. Make sure to Like the video, Sus. Most shedding issues center around the eye caps and the tail. Respiratory illnesses are more common than you may think and are usually treatable if spotted early enough. The feeling of helplessness is devastating and when it comes to our scaly friends, it can be even harder to tell whats wrong. 2. This could be due to pneumonia or stomatitis (also known as mouth rot). The sooner that you go to the vet the faster the healing time will be. (Video Included), The Shedding Process of a Ball Python Explained (with Video), Should I Get a Corn Snake or Ball Python? Alternatively, you should allow your ball python to soak in a bowl of warm water. Mites and ticks are easy to spot as theyre visible to the naked eye. All you can do is quarantine your ball python to make sure that the disease doesnt spread. These changes occur because the snake is no longer able to maintain its normal bodily functions. Youll then be able to help your ball python to recover from illness as soon as possible. . If youre concerned that your ball python might be dehydrated, there are a few signs you can look for; such as. In nature, if a ball python dies and isnt eaten, it will remain in the same place and eventually biodegrade and become part of the soil. If your ball python is otherwise healthy and youre sure theyre not in the middle of shedding, there are a few things that could be causing their lethargy. When I first researched how long chimpanzees sleep, I was quite surprised! The snake didn't tweak once while I was at the expo, so I thought he was healthy. It can range anywhere from a light pink to a very intense shade. Save my name and email in this browser for the next time I comment. 582. Also, make the following adjustments to their enclosure, keep the hot side at 92 . These illnesses may show up during your ball pythons lifetime. Additionally, the snakes vision and hearing may start to fade, causing it to become even more inactive. They will have a dull, blueish white appearance just before the snake begins to shed. The temps/humidity is good, jacked the humidity up, and misting 4 times a day! Any unusual slightly red or pink coloring of the bottom of a ball pythons body may be a sign of sepsis. Even their skin will start wrinkling off and you will notice withered skin. If the temperature gets too low, they can become sluggish and may even go into a state of hibernation. Rats come into our homes for two reasons food and shelter. Tail sucking is a physical change in a female that is ready to lay. If this is your first visit, be sure to Some reasons for the sudden death of a ball python could be too high or low temperatures in its cage, dehydration, illness, or starvation. Remove the snake and use the spray in accordance with the instructions provided with the can. Option #3: Aspen Aspen shavings like this is another popular choice of substrate for ball pythons. Temperature & Humidity Needs and Requirements, 7. Its skin will look much duller and more muted than normal. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'mercurypets_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_2',120,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mercurypets_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0');However, after about 25 years old, there is a chance that these symptoms could be a sign of your ball python reaching the end of its life. Please share your own experiences and thoughts in the comments below, and be sure to share this article if you liked it. It is entirely dependent on the snake.Some species seem to be more prone to reject, although this isn't always the case.When it comes to shedding, many ball pythons are fussy, while others will feed both during and after the process.Your snake may skip a meal during this procedure, which may take up to two weeks. 2 Create a moist shedding box. Required fields are marked *. You can also try misting your ball pythons enclosure with water or offering him a bath. There are a few different reasons why this might happen. Source. I often dampen my substrate prior to this time and keep the humidity in the 65 - 70% range. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'mercurypets_com-narrow-sky-1','ezslot_18',119,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mercurypets_com-narrow-sky-1-0');If you suspect illness, take it to the vet immediately, however, if the ball python is near the upper limits of its life expectancy there may be nothing the vet can do. A ball pythons coordination is typically erratic when it is dying. If this is your first visit, be sure to Leave your snake for about 30-60 minutes to soak in. The body may also become bloated, and the snakes eyes may become cloudy or sunken in. If you have a ball python or any other pet snake, its important to make sure they are getting the proper nutrition and care. Dehydration can be deadly for reptiles, so its not something to take lightly. He's only fed once between these sheds. Make sure their environment is calm and quiet. However, if the python is healthy and acclimated to cooler temperatures, it can survive in temperatures as low as 50 F. Stress is also one of the most common reasons for a ball python refusing to eat. First and foremost, its important to keep the animal as stress free as possible. If this is the case, you should see your snakes appetite return to normal once the shedding process is complete. This can be a sign of sepsis, a serious bacterial infection, that appears when a ball python is near death. Ball python owners who have found their snakes dead and lying on their backs believe the snakes do it for the same reason. A ball python sheds between four to six weeks, and its frequency depends on its age. Weighing your ball python on a monthly basis can help to detect early signs of illness. By then, there may be very little you can do if it has become ill due to old age. 4 days ago. The reason for the breathing difficulties can be many things, such as an illness, poisoning, or a traumatic injury. The lack of this behavior could mean there is something seriously wrong with your ball python, or it could be reaching the end of its lifespan. The snake will stop basking in the heat lamp and will instead hide away in the cool, dark corners of its cage. Source. Use a reptile heater pad to help keep the enclosure warm. The normal activity of a ball python is to spend the majority of its time coiled up and sleeping. check out the. Improper humidity levels can make your ball python sick or cause stuck shed. Hibernation is a natural process that reptiles undergo when the temperature drops and food becomes scarce. Like everyone else said, just a sign of if your humidity is good. If your ball python is already underweight, a loss of appetite can be especially dangerous and potentially fatal. Respiratory Infections these could become deadly if not treated, and have varying symptoms depending on the source of infection. However, if the snake does not respond to these measures, then it is likely beyond help and you should consult a qualified veterinarian. I Shedding sign that everything is right? Isolate the snake in its own enclosure. Normally due to environmental factors, the snake will be unable to shed all of its skin at once. Adult ball pythons will usually shed their skin once every 6-8 weeks. The early signs of scale rot in ball pythons typically begin around the tail or hemipenal area. The Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association has stated that there are several kinds of bacteria that can be responsible for mouth rot. > Further Reading: The Ball Python Behavior. Generally, there are 6 signs of dehydration in ball pythons: skin folds and wrinkly, stuck shed, sunken and damaged eyes, food refusal, rapid weight loss, and weakness. Mouth rot itself isnt fatal, but sepsis is a life-threatening condition. If you notice your ball python is dehydrated, its important to get him rehydrated as soon as possible. Is it normal for them to shed this often? The solution should be a mixture of electrolyte supplement and water mixed with a ratio of 3:1. Adult female ball pythons average 3 to 5 feet long, and adult male ball pythons average 2 to 3 feet in size. A stuck shed may also occur due to inadequate moisture and enough fluids in the body. Mercury Pets is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Call 804-364-7030 Ball Python Health Care Your ball python will hide all signs of illness from you so we recommend a new patient exam and then yearly wellness examinations and fecal testing to help detect the first signs of sickness. (with Video). They'll also generally spend a lot more time in their damp hide. Along with a loss of appetite and poor balance, a swollen mouth, and pupils of different sizes could mean your ball python is suffering from Inclusion Body Disease (IBD). check out the. Sheds in one piece Ball pythons shed their skin every 4-6 weeks as a natural way to keep clean and grow. When a snake is hurt, it heals from the inside out. Signs of dehydration in ball pythons This makes it very difficult to tell when a ball python might be ill, and not knowing this might result in your ball python dying very suddenly and without any real warning. This is often a sign that the snake is having IBD or Inclusion Body Disease. His eyes have been opaque for about two days now and his skin definately feels different. oozing pus The snake won't want to eat food because its mouth hurts Mucus and saliva will drain from its mouth and nose However, when a ball python is dying, it will become lethargic and inactive. For reference, a ball python's usual ambient humidity should be 55-60%. If your ball python is still young, lethargy may occur after eating a big meal, or it could be a sign of an underlying issue such as disease. If the infection gets into its bloodstreamwhich it definitely canthen the snake will develop sepsis. This is likely because the animal is no longer able to sustain itself and is slowly dying. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'mercurypets_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_19',105,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mercurypets_com-medrectangle-3-0');Snakes, unlike dogs or cats, are naturally quiet, independent creatures who live without the need for constant human companionship or comfort. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[468,60],'mercurypets_com-leader-2','ezslot_8',118,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mercurypets_com-leader-2-0');There is no solid scientific proof that a snake spending time on its back is ill or dying, however, there is anecdotal evidence that snakes may roll onto their backs to relieve pressure or pain they are experiencing as they are dying. We're a team of animal enthusiasts that love sharing our knowledge and experience. An adult ball python should have a minimum 30-gallon enclosure. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'mercurypets_com-leader-1','ezslot_14',109,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mercurypets_com-leader-1-0');The signs of a dehydrated ball python are dry, wrinkly skin, and sunken eyes. It is every pet owners nightmare to see their beloved animal suffering and dying in front of them. Mild cases can be resolved by misting, soaking, hydrating food, and giving electrolyte-infused water. Change the temperature and humidity until your snake's . Be sure to raise your humidity and keep it steady. The pre-lay shed is the best date from which to start your countdown! You must clean and disinfect the enclosure and all its components on a weekly basis. This means minimizing movement and noise and keeping the environment at a consistent temperature. In severe cases, your ball python may even become paralyzed and unable to move at all. Check the table below! Eating is a much better gauge. Hello! Due to a ball pythons extensive life expectancy, they often become life companions to their owners. In fact, some ball pythons may not show any obvious signs of illness until they are close to death. Keep in mind that these symptoms aren't always clear or visible, so you'll have to be on the lookout for them: The belly of your ball python will begin to become pink. Well look at the most common ball python health issues. This is due to a lubricant secreted underneath the outer layer of skin to assist with the shedding process. So dont give up hope yet! We believe in providing all of our customers the same treatment and quality of animals whether it is a first time pet owner or the serious breeder. Old age can also be a factor in lack of appetite and weight loss, as a snakes metabolism slows down as it gets older. The extra humidity will make the snakes skin less dry, and will help it to come away. When you start noticing signs, begin to prepare. Its skin will appear considerably drabber and muted than normal. If these guidelines, along with more specific points of ball python care, are followed it will ensure the comfort of your ball python as well as give it the best chance you can for a long, healthy life. A head wobble, for example, is a condition that specific morphs of ball python have. This chalky part is known as the urate. Fortunately, there are a few key signs to look for in order to determine whether or not your ball python is in trouble. Bridgitte grew up on a farm and eventually spent 5 years on Mahe Island in the Seychelles during her teen years. Here are the signs of respiratory infection: Respiratory infections can be reversed in the early stages. Sometimes, loose skin coupled with a dull or hazy look to naturally bright scales can indicate that a ball python is going into shed. These include the following: There is no cure for a head wobble as its a neurological condition. One of the most noticeable changes in a ball pythons behavior, when it is dying, is that it will start to isolate itself from the rest of its enclosure. Protection. Another important symptom of IBD is stargazing, where a snake pushes its head up against the side of the enclosure and twists its neck. Stomatitis could be caused by poor husbandry or overcrowding. I wake up today and see him shedding. Keep in mind; these signs are not overly obvious or noticeable, so you'll need to be attentive and observant to see them. In captivity, this stress might come from having too many lights in its cage, or not enough places to hide or burrow. It was brought into the hospital I was working at, and it hadnt eaten in months. If left untreated it could lead to death in not only ball pythons, but other snakes as well. However, before we get into that, its important to understand that not all ball pythons will exhibit the same symptoms when they are dying. Sepsis, or septicemia, is a bacterial infection of the bloodstream. Snakes can catch parasites just like any other pet. Now what? Weight loss can be caused by many factors, including: Dehydration is a serious issue in reptiles, including ball pythons. If youre concerned that your snake might be sick or injured, its important to take it to the vet for treatment right away. Our goal is for you to have an enjoyable experience before, during and after the purchase of your animal. It was a sad sight, but we did everything we could to try and save it. It is important, therefore, to make sure your ball pythons enclosure is optimized for its comfort. Most ball python owners choose to bury their snake in their garden but, if this is not possible, cremation or even a communal burying ground may be an option. The skin of a ball python can change color in many ways as it nears the end of its life. The snakes nose, throat, and lungs will be clogged by mucus, saliva, and bacteria. Ball python hatchlings are approximately 10 inches in length. Typically, healthy ball pythons shed every four to six weeks. Most users ever online was 6,337, 01-24-2020 at. Optimal temperatures and humidity levels are species-specific. As ball pythons grow, they shed old skin that's replaced by new skin. Isolation Behavior 9.
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