All Rights Reserved. As of 2022, it is the fourth-largest economy in Europe, the world's ninth-largest economy by nominal GDP, and the sixth-largest by PPP.. Russia's vast geography is an important determinant of its economic activity . Currently, Russia's inflation rate stands at 7.4%, a figure that prompted the central bank to increase interest rates by 25 basis points to 6.75% in September. Inflation is measured in terms of the annual growth rate and in index, 2015 base year with a breakdown for food, energy and total excluding food and energy. That said, pressures remained generally elevated amid stubbornly high food prices. These 10 charts explain how Russia-Ukraine conflict will impact India Global oil prices surged past $100 per barrel, increasing the possibility of a domestic fuel price hike. )$3,993,550,000,000 (2019 est. Since then, the population has increased again to 145.93 million; however, the population is expected to reach its peak at the end of 2020 and is projected to start declining again. Are you sure you want to remove this series from the graph? They just let you think Russia made it. Impact of Inflation on Consumer Spending https://www.matthews.com 1 Like Comment Free Monitor of Russia Financial Markets & Economic trends. Hyperinflation in early Soviet Russia connotes a seven-year period of uncontrollable spiraling inflation in the early Soviet Union, running from the earliest days of the Bolshevik Revolution in November 1917 to the reestablishment of the gold standard with the introduction of the chervonets as part of the New Economic Policy. Russians focus closely on inflation among economic trends as rising prices eat into living standards. Love him or loathe him, there's no doubt that Russian President Vladimir Putin has been instrumental in keeping Russia firmly on the global geopolitical stage during his time in office. US diesel prices versus Crude Oil telling us something is about to happen for gold. CNBC has taken a look at economic data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development that spans the two decades that Putin has been in power, looking at the country's growth rate, GDP per capita, employment picture and inflation story as well as household disposable incomecompared to its neighbors in the EU, the wider OECD (which includes 38 countries from around the world) and the U.S. Russia's economy has undoubtedly grown under Putin, although it took a deeper dive than others after the financial crisis of 2008, as this graph shows. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 456.033 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )exports of goods and services: 26.2% (2017 est. )solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The report includes Germany facts, such as the German population, GDP, inflation, unemployment and more. As for Ukraine, when Putin invaded on Feb. 23, 2022, annual inflation in the U.S. was already at 7.5%. Get this delivered to your inbox, and more info about our products and services. Global White Portland Cements Market Status, Trends and COVID-19 Impact Report 2022 Single User License Report: 2350 USD Corporate User License Report: 4700 USD Section Price: As The Russian CPI shows the change in prices of a standard package of goods and services . Economic reforms in the 1990s privatized most industry, with notable exceptions in the energy, transportation, banking, and defense-related sectors. note: nearly 200 national and/or ethnic groups are represented in Russia's 2010 census Languages Russian (official) 85.7%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.1%; note - data represent native language spoken (2010 est.) A Division of NBCUniversal. All of them are based on the data from the Inflation Tables page. )consumption: 460,612,169,000 cubic meters (2020 est. After predicting at one point that the economy would shrink by 12% this year, the economy ministry is now predicting a 4,2% contraction. Find Germany's economic freedom report in the Index of Economic Freedom. Russias consumer price index is constructed by taking the weighted average of prices on a wide variety of goods and services. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2020 est. In 2022 Russia ranks #1 in the world by yearly inflation rate. ), fossil fuels: 59.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), municipal: 17.71 billion cubic meters (2017 est. With vaccination rates still low, COVID-19 control measures may be called for next year, which will weigh significantly on growth. Of course it's not all been plain sailing. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Rising consumer prices have been a regular bugbear for Russia's economy and inflation has been a key focal point for Russia's central bank in recent years, particularly in the wake of the oil crash when the Russian ruble plummeted in value against the U.S. dollar, increasing inflationary pressures. Showing 0/0. ), number of registered air carriers: 32 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 958annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 99,327,311 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 6,810,610,000 (2018) mt-km, total: 594over 3,047 m: 542,438 to 3,047 m: 1971,524 to 2,437 m: 123914 to 1,523 m: 95under 914 m: 125 (2021), total: 624over 3,047 m: 42,438 to 3,047 m: 131,524 to 2,437 m: 69914 to 1,523 m: 81under 914 m: 457 (2021), 177,700 km gas, 54,800 km oil, 19,300 km refined products (2017), total: 87,157 km (2014)narrow gauge: 957 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge (on Sakhalin Island)broad gauge: 86,200 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (40,300 km electrified)note: an additional 30,000 km of non-common carrier lines serve industries, total: 1,283,387 km (2012)paved: 927,721 km (2012) (includes 39,143 km of expressways)unpaved: 355,666 km (2012), 102,000 km (2009) (including 48,000 km with guaranteed depth; the 72,000-km system in European Russia links Baltic Sea, White Sea, Caspian Sea, Sea of Azov, and Black Sea), total: 2,873by type: bulk carrier 13, container ship 17, general cargo 946, oil tanker 406, other 1,491 (2021), major seaport(s): Arctic Ocean: Arkhangelsk, MurmanskBaltic Sea: Kaliningrad, Primorsk, Saint PetersburgBlack Sea: NovorossiyskPacific Ocean: Nakhodka, Vladivostok, Vostochnyyoil terminal(s): Kavkaz oil terminal, Primorskcontainer port(s) (TEUs): Saint Petersburg (2,221,724) (2019)LNG terminal(s) (export): Sabetta, Sakhalin Islandriver port(s): Astrakhan, Kazan (Volga River); Rostov-on-Don (Don River); Saint Petersburg (Neva River), Armed Forces of the Russian Federation: Ground Troops (Sukhoputnyye Voyskia, SV), Navy (Voyenno-Morskoy Flot, VMF), Aerospace Forces (Vozdushno-Kosmicheskiye Sily, VKS); Airborne Troops (Vozdushno-Desantnyye Voyska, VDV), and Missile Troops of Strategic Purpose (Raketnyye Voyska Strategicheskogo Naznacheniya, RVSN) referred to commonly as Strategic Rocket Forces, are independent "combat arms," not subordinate to any of the three branchesFederal National Guard Troops Service of the Russian Federation (National Guard (FSVNG), Russian Guard, or Rosgvardiya): created in 2016 as an independent agency for internal/regime security, combating terrorism and narcotics trafficking, protecting important state facilities and government personnel, and supporting border security; forces under the National Guard include the Special Purpose Mobile Units (OMON), Special Rapid Response Detachment (SOBR), and Interior Troops (VV); these troops were originally under the command of the Interior Ministry (MVD); also nominally under the National Guards command are the forces of Chechen Republic head Ramzan KADYROV Federal Security Services (FSB): Federal Border Guard Service (includes land and maritime forces) (2022)note: the Air Force and Aerospace Defense Forces were merged into the VKS in 2015; VKS responsibilities also include launching military and dualuse satellites, maintaining military satellites, and monitoring and defending against space threats, 4% of GDP (2021 est. ), production: 701,544,189,000 cubic meters (2021 est. )$377.7 billion (31 December 2016 est. Annual. Explore MacroVar financial knowledge base structured by professional fund managers and economists. Show us the numbers how is your relationship with Russia and it will tell who you really are. )exports: 250,854,510,000 cubic meters (2021 est. )from consumed natural gas: 921.748 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. As of June 3, annual inflation was at 17 percent, down from 17.8 percent in April, and recent . The bank's inflation target is. For details on parameters and usage conditions please refer to the Charts API page. )imports: 1.377 billion kWh (2020 est. Download Historical Data Export Image Click and drag in the plot area or select dates: 5 Years | 10 Years | 20 Years | 30 Years | All Years (2022)domestic: cross-country digital trunk lines run from Saint Petersburg to Khabarovsk, and from Moscow to Novorossiysk; the telephone systems in 60 regional capitals have modern digital infrastructures; cellular services, both analog and digital, are available in many areas; in rural areas, telephone services are still outdated, inadequate, and low-density; nearly 19 per 100 for fixed-line and mobile-cellular a bit over 164 per 100 persons (2020)international: country code - 7; landing points for the Far East Submarine Cable System, HSCS, Sakhalin-Kuril Island Cable, RSCN, BCS North-Phase 2, Kerch Strait Cable and the Georgia-Russian submarine cable system connecting Russia, Japan, Finland, Georgia and Ukraine; satellite earth stations provide access to Intelsat, Intersputnik, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Orbita systems (2019)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, 13 national TV stations with the federal government owning 1 and holding a controlling interest in a second; state-owned Gazprom maintains a controlling interest in 2 of the national channels; government-affiliated Bank Rossiya owns controlling interest in a fourth and fifth, while a sixth national channel is owned by the Moscow city administration; the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian military, respectively, own 2 additional national channels; roughly 3,300 national, regional, and local TV stations with over two-thirds completely or partially controlled by the federal or local governments; satellite TV services are available; 2 state-run national radio networks with a third majority-owned by Gazprom; roughly 2,400 public and commercial radio stations, .ru; note - Russia also has responsibility for a legacy domain ".su" that was allocated to the Soviet Union and is being phased out, total: 122,488,468 (2020 est. ), improved: urban: 95.2% of populationrural: 72.3% of populationtotal: 89.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 4.8% of populationrural: 27.7% of populationtotal: 10.6% of population (2020 est. Jump to: Countries with the Highest Inflation Rates Countries with Hyperinflation Russian Inflation )3.7% (2017 est. Series from World Development Indicators. The inflation rate in Russia between 1993 and 2021 was 38,082.56%, which translates into a total increase of 38,082.56. The United Kingdom is ranked 17th among 45 countries in the Europe region, and its . Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est. The icebreaker Tor (right) at the port of Sabetta in the Kara Sea shoreline on the Yamal Peninsula in the Arctic circle, some 2450 km of Moscow. ), 1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est. )63.66754 (2019 est. September's result represented the weakest inflation rate since February. This means that 100 rubles in 1993 are equivalent to 38,182.56 rubles in 2021. Annual inflation reached 15.1% in July, far above the central bank's 4% target. note: data are in current year dollars$353.25 billion (2019 est.) )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 5.196 million barrels/day (2018 est. The Federal Reserve ("the Fed") considers this an acceptable rate of inflation. Russian 77.7%, Tatar 3.7%, Ukrainian 1.4%, Bashkir 1.1%, Chuvash 1%, Chechen 1%, other 10.2%, unspecified 3.9% (2010 est.) We want to hear from you. The Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused inflationary expectations to soar. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 4.4% (2019 est. Three quite revealing graphs about trade relations with Russia. Inflation in Russia Russia - Inflation Inflation declines to lowest level since February in September Inflation came in at 13.7% in September, down from August's 14.3%. ), total: 40.3 yearsmale: 37.5 yearsfemale: 43.2 years (2020 est. Tourists walk along the Red Square in front of St. The first phase is the expansion phase. Consumer confidence has also bounced back from March lows. )$3,913,980,000,000 (2018 est. CFOs see inflation as one of the most significant future risks. In other words, the purchasing power of 100 in 1993 equals 38,182.56 in 2021. The current rate of U.S. CPI inflation as of October 2022 is 296.81. Get stock market quotes, personal finance advice, company news and more. Although Russia accounts for only 4.2% of world GDP in 1997, the outbreak of the Russian crisis and the following sovereign default shock global financial markets for two main reasons. ), conventional long form: Russian Federationconventional short form: Russialocal long form: Rossiyskaya Federatsiyalocal short form: Rossiyaformer: Russian Empire, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republicetymology: Russian lands were generally referred to as Muscovy until PETER I officially declared the Russian Empire in 1721; the new name sought to invoke the patrimony of the medieval eastern European Rus state centered on Kyiv in present-day Ukraine; the Rus were a Varangian (eastern Viking) elite that imposed their rule and eventually their name on their Slavic subjects, name: Moscowgeographic coordinates: 55 45 N, 37 36 Etime difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)daylight saving time: does not observe daylight savings time (DST)time zone note: Russia has 11 time zones, the largest number of contiguous time zones of any country in the world; in 2014, two time zones were added and DST droppedetymology: named after the Moskva River; the origin of the river's name is obscure but may derive from the appellation "Mustajoki" given to the river by the Finno-Ugric people who originally inhabited the area and whose meaning may have been "dark" or "turbid", 46 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast), 21 republics (respubliki, singular - respublika), 4 autonomous okrugs (avtonomnyye okrugi, singular - avtonomnyy okrug), 9 krays (kraya, singular - kray), 2 federal cities (goroda, singular - gorod), and 1 autonomous oblast (avtonomnaya oblast'), oblasts: Amur (Blagoveshchensk), Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Orel, Penza, Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan, Sakhalin (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk), Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver, Tyumen, Ulyanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl, republics: Adygeya (Maykop), Altay (Gorno-Altaysk), Bashkortostan (Ufa), Buryatiya (Ulan-Ude), Chechnya (Groznyy), Chuvashiya (Cheboksary), Dagestan (Makhachkala), Ingushetiya (Magas), Kabardino-Balkariya (Nal'chik), Kalmykiya (Elista), Karachayevo-Cherkesiya (Cherkessk), Kareliya (Petrozavodsk), Khakasiya (Abakan), Komi (Syktyvkar), Mariy-El (Yoshkar-Ola), Mordoviya (Saransk), North Ossetia (Vladikavkaz), Sakha [Yakutiya] (Yakutsk), Tatarstan (Kazan), Tyva (Kyzyl), Udmurtiya (Izhevsk), autonomous okrugs: Chukotka (Anadyr'), Khanty-Mansi-Yugra (Khanty-Mansiysk), Nenets (Nar'yan-Mar), Yamalo-Nenets (Salekhard), krays: Altay (Barnaul), Kamchatka (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy), Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Primorskiy [Maritime] (Vladivostok), Stavropol, Zabaykalsk [Transbaikal] (Chita), federal cities: Moscow [Moskva], Saint Petersburg [Sankt-Peterburg], 25 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union; Russian SFSR renamed Russian Federation); notable earlier dates: 1157 (Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal created); 16 January 1547 (Tsardom of Muscovy established); 22 October 1721 (Russian Empire proclaimed); 30 December 1922 (Soviet Union established), Russia Day, 12 June (1990); note - commemorates the adoption of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), history: several previous (during Russian Empire and Soviet era); latest drafted 12 July 1993, adopted by referendum 12 December 1993, effective 25 December 1993amendments: proposed by the president of the Russian Federation, by either house of the Federal Assembly, by the government of the Russian Federation, or by legislative (representative) bodies of the Federation's constituent entities; proposals to amend the governments constitutional system, human and civil rights and freedoms, and procedures for amending or drafting a new constitution require formation of a Constitutional Assembly; passage of such amendments requires two-thirds majority vote of its total membership; passage in a referendum requires participation of an absolute majority of eligible voters and an absolute majority of valid votes; approval of proposed amendments to the government structure, authorities, and procedures requires approval by the legislative bodies of at least two thirds of the Russian Federation's constituent entities; amended several times, last in 2020, civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Russiadual citizenship recognized: yesresidency requirement for naturalization: 3-5 years, chief of state: President Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN (since 7 May 2012)head of government: Premier Mikhail MISHUSTIN (since 16 January 2020); First Deputy Premier Andrey Removich BELOUSOV (since 21 January 2020); Deputy Premiers Yuriy TRUTNEV (since 31 August 2013), Yuriy Ivanovich BORISOV, Tatiana Alekseyevna GOLIKOVA (since 18 May 2018), Dmitriy Yuriyevich GRIGORENKO, Viktoriya Valeriyevna ABRAMCHENKO, Aleksey Logvinovich OVERCHUK, Marat Shakirzyanovich KHUSNULLIN, Dmitriy Nikolayevich CHERNYSHENKO (since 21 January 2020), Aleksandr NOVAK (since 10 November 2020)cabinet: the "Government" is composed of the premier, his deputies, and ministers, all appointed by the president; the premier is also confirmed by the Dumaelections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (2020 constitutional amendments allow a second consecutive term); election last held on 18 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2024); note - for the 2024 presidential election, previous presidential terms are discounted; there is no vice president; premier appointed by the president with the approval of the Dumaelection results: 2018: Vladimir PUTIN reelected president; percent of vote - Vladimir PUTIN (independent) 77.5%, Pavel GRUDININ (CPRF) 11.9%, Vladimir ZHIRINOVSKIY (LDPR) 5.7%, other 4.9%; Mikhail MISHUSTIN (independent) approved as premier by Duma; vote - 383 to 02012: Vladimir PUTIN elected president; percent of vote - Vladimir PUTIN (United Russia) 63.6%, Gennadiy ZYUGANOV (CPRF) 17.2%, Mikhail PROKHOROV (CP) 8%, Vladimir ZHIRINOVSKIY (LDPR) 6.2%, Sergey MIRONOV (A Just Russia) 3.9%, other 1.1%; Dmitriy MEDVEDEV (United Russia) approved as premier by Duma; vote - 299 to 144note: there is also a Presidential Administration that provides staff and policy support to the president, drafts presidential decrees, and coordinates policy among government agencies; a Security Council also reports directly to the president, description: bicameral Federal Assembly or Federalnoye Sobraniye consists of:Federation Council or Sovet Federatsii (170 seats; 2 members in each of the 83 federal administrative units (see note below) - oblasts, krays, republics, autonomous okrugs and oblasts, and federal cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg - appointed by the top executive and legislative officials; members serve 4-year terms)State Duma or Gosudarstvennaya Duma (450 seats (see note below); as of February 2014, the electoral system reverted to a mixed electoral system for the 2016 election, in which one-half of the members are directly elected by simple majority vote and one-half directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)elections: State Duma - last held 17 - 19 September 2021 (next to be held in September 2026)election results: Federation Council (members appointed); composition (as of October 2021) - men 132, women 37, percent of women 21.8%, State Duma - United Russia 50.9%, CPRF 19.3%, LDPR 7.7%, A Just Russia 7.6%, New People 5.3% other minor parties and Independents 9.2%; seats by party - United Russia 324, CPRF 57, LDPR 21, A Just Russia 27, New People 13; Rodina 1, CP 1, Party of Growth 1, independent 5; composition - men 377, women 73, percent of women 16.2%; note - total Federal Assembly percent of women 17.7%, highest court(s): Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel); Constitutional Court (consists of 11 members, including the chairperson and deputy); note - in February 2014, Russias Higher Court of Arbitration was abolished and its former authorities transferred to the Supreme Court, which in addition is the countrys highest judicial authority for appeals, civil, criminal, administrative, and military cases, and the disciplinary judicial board, which has jurisdiction over economic disputesjudge selection and term of office: all members of Russia's 3 highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature); members of all 3 courts appointed for lifesubordinate courts: regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts; Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts; autonomous province and district courts; note - the 21 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions, A Just Russia or SRZP [Sergey MIRONOV]Civic Platform or CP [Rifat SHAYKHUTDINOV]Communist Party of the Russian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy ZYUGANOV]Liberal Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Leonid SLUTSKY]New People [Alexey NECHAYEV]Party of Growth [Boris TITOV]Rodina [Aleksei ZHURAVLYOV]United Russia [Dmitriy MEDVEDEV]note: 31 political parties are registered with Russia's Ministry of Justice (as of September 2021); 14 participated in the 2021 election, but only 8 parties maintain representation in Russia's national legislature, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, BRICS, BSEC, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAEU, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UN Security Council (permanent), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC, chief of mission: Ambassador Anatoliy Ivanovich ANTONOV (since 8 September 2017)chancery: 2650 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007telephone: [1] (202) 298-5700FAX: [1] (202) 298-5735email address and website: rusembusa@mid.ruhttps://washington.mid.ru/en/consulate(s) general: Houston, New York, chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Elizabeth ROOD (since 5 September 2022)embassy: 55,75566 N, 37,58028 Emailing address: 5430 Moscow Place, Washington DC 20521-5430telephone: [7] (495) 728-5000FAX: [7] (495) 728-5090email address and website: MoscowACS@state.govhttps://ru.usembassy.gov/consulate(s) general: Vladivostok (suspended status), Yekaterinburg (suspended status), three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and rednote: the Russian flag was created when Russia built its first naval vessels, and was used mostly as a naval ensign until the nineteenth century; the colors may have been based on those of the Dutch flag; despite many popular interpretations, there is no official meaning assigned to the colors of the Russian flag; the flag inspired several other Slavic countries to adopt horizontal tricolors of the same colors but in different arrangements, and so red, blue, and white became the Pan-Slav colors, bear, double-headed eagle; national colors: white, blue, red, name: "Gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii" (National Anthem of the Russian Federation)lyrics/music: Sergey Vladimirovich MIKHALKOV/Aleksandr Vasilyevich ALEKSANDROVnote: in 2000, Russia adopted the tune of the anthem of the former Soviet Union (composed in 1939); the lyrics, also adopted in 2000, were written by the same person who authored the Soviet lyrics in 1943, total World Heritage Sites: 30 (19 cultural, 11 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow (c); Historic Saint Petersburg (c); Novodevichy Convent (c); Historic Monuments of Novgorod (c); Trinity Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad (c); Volcanoes of Kamchatka (n); Lake Baikal (n); Central Sikhote-Alin (n); Historic Derbent (c); Kazan Kremlin (c).
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