What were the 2 ends of the Silk Road? Trade began thousands of years ago because the tradesmen found that ferrying products was profitable, and silk was one of the main trade items. Why did the Silk Road begin where it did? At the western extremity of the westward overland Silk Road route, other routes branched north (into central and northern Europe) and south (into Arabia and eventually Africa). This is the Silk Road route suggested in 1910 by the famous German-born Orient expert, Albert Herrmann. Where did gunpowder originate on the Silk Road? Though the traditional Silk Road routes may have disappeared (replica Ming and Qing Dynasty pottery is still produced and is quite popular, even if the replica market is designed to appeal to more ordinary consumers), the Silk Road routes have left a lasting legacy on the world. Royal Road. Where did the salt road start and end? This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 September 2021. The original Silk Route was established during the Han Dynasty by Zhang Quian, a Chinese official and diplomat. One theory holds that the first such route stretched from Kashgar in present-day Xinjiang to the village of Kyzyl Suu on the banks of the Kyzyl Suu River in the Kyrgyz valley of the same name, situated about 75 kilometers, as the crow flies, north of Lake Karakul in present-day Tajikistan. I was able to know where and how it spread and how valuable it was. Thank you! Especially items such as porcelain and lacquered furniture were popular at the courts of the kings and queens of Europe and in the homes of the rising bourgeois classes. How did the Silk Road impact the world? The Latest Innovations That Are Driving The Vehicle Industry Forward. This ancient route not only circulated goods, but also exchanged the splendid cultures of China, India, Persia . Connecting the east and west, the Silk Road is the oldest trade route with a great distance between east Asia and the Mediterranean. And to get from the Eastern side to the Western Can you search from this site? It was later, during the western and Eastern Han dynasty that these routes were extended to Rome, Asia, Africa and rest of Europe. Other important beliefs and/or ideas to arrive in China, thanks to the Silk Road, were Nestorian Christianity, Islam, astronomy, the Gregorian calendar (though China, to this day, observes the Lunar calendar when it comes to national holidays), and mathematics, as well as Indian, Persian and European music and art. Generally goods were carried by a number of different traders, having been exchanged several times along the way. And Buddhism, in particular was very appealing to many of these Silk Road merchants. The Silk Road was established by China's Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) through territorial expansion. The term ''Silk Road'' was first used by a German geographer in 1877 to describe the historical trade routes. Continue with Recommended Cookies. The Silk Road was the main transportation route connecting ancient China with Western Europe, which is as long as more than 14,000 miles. These scholars claim instead that the maritime Silk Road route existed in parallel with the overland route, almost from the outset, even if the maritime Silk Road route was perhaps less developed, initially, and even if it came to dominate after the decline in the overland Silk Road route. An alternate route ended near the ancient Nabataean city of Petra (think: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade), from whence the goods were transported to Nabbatea's port cities along the Meditteranean and then onward to Sicily. The overland Silk Road route, especially, eventually developed a maze of alternate local and regional routes, for what reason is rarely given, though one can easily imagine that there might have been any number of reasons for this, including inclement weather a particular year (eg., a severely hard drought, drying up key water sources), forcing the caravans to find an alternate route; it might have been due to the presence of bandits along the usual route; or it might simply have been owing to a pioneering soul who decided to try a different route, just to see if it could be done, and the new route might or might not have proven to be easier, but in any case, it would have presented new opportunities for the sale of return goods from Arabia, Persia and India, not to speak of new markets for the sale of return goods from Rome. Click to see complete answer. From Yumen (as it is commonly written today) Pass, the route split north and south around the great expanse of the Taklimakan Desert. With no one government to provide upkeep, the roads were typically in poor condition. He created the phrase to describe the routes between India, China, and the Mediterranean, which were used to . . By the middle of the 15th century, barely a century after the decline of the overland Silk Road route, most of the volume of the maritime Silk Road trade had ceased as well. Around the year 400 C.E.,farmers started harvesting teaas opposed to picking leaves from wild trees, which led to vaster production, then demand, then trade. When did the Silk Road start and end? The Silk Road may have formally opened up trade between the Far East and Europe during the Han Dynasty, which ruled China from 206 B.C. The origins of the Kyzyl Suu River high on the western slopes of the Pamirs is separated by the origins of the body of water (initially an elongated lake, or natural mountain reservoir - read: somewhat closed valley) that eventually becomes the eastward flowing Kezilesu River, which in turn becomes the Weiquke River just south of Kashgar, by little more than 40 kilometers, as the crow flies, and on a flat trajectory, though the terrain here is anything but flat (think of an inverted "V" - present-day Highway A371 connects the cities of Irkeshtam and Kyzyl Suu, and follows the valley that eventually becomes the Kyzyl Suu River Valley. You can unsubscribe at any time. The Silk Road was a trading route or network of trading routes that connected China with the West in ancient times. When China opened trade with the West in 130 B.C., people started trading goods on the Silk Road. until the Middle ages. The Silk Road began in north-central China in Xi'an (in modern Shaanxi province). When Zhang arrived, he was captured and kept as a prisoner for several years, but was eventually freed and returned to China where he told, among other things, of the magnificent Arabian horses he had encountered. The traders who actually transported the "Oriental" goods across the Mediterranean during this period may well themselves have been descendants of the ancient Phoenicians, who had plied their trade across the Mediterranean from BCE 1500 to BCE 300 when the Phoenicians were eventually conquered by Rome. It was a 4000-mile trip. Silk went westward, and wools, gold, and silver went east. Established when the Han Dynasty in China officially opened trade with the West in. This content first appeared in the August 2015 issue of BBC History Revealed, Save up to 40% when you subscribe today and receive a book of your choice worth up to 30 PLUS free access to HistoryExtra.com. answer. It is all about trade. What are 5 major trading spots along the Silk Road? During a diplomatic mission, Quian was captured and detained for 13 years on his first expedition before escaping and pursuing other routes from China to Central Asia. View Notes - The Silk Road from HISTORY 1 at Spring Valley High, Spring Valley. At Heavenly Tea Leaves, we honor the legacy of the Silk Road with our mission of returning to gourmet,hand-selected blendsthat put quality first. Established when the Han Dynasty in China officially opened trade with the West in 130 B.C., the Silk Road routes remained in use until 1453 A.D., when the Ottoman Empire boycotted trade with China and closed them. until 1453 C.E., when the Ottoman Empire closed off trade with the West. Tea eventually gained prestige and status, sometimes being given as elaborate gifts to royalty and nobility. Much of the Middle East at this time was still under the rule of Rome, though, with the advent of Islam under the prophet Muhammad (CE 632-732), whole swaths of the Middle East, including Syria, Mesopotamia, and Arabia, were wrested from Roman control. This ancient route not only circulated goods, but also exchanged the splendid cultures of China, India, Persia, Arabia, Greek and Rome. Herrmann, in contrast, relied heavily on the writings of Claudius Ptolemaeus (CE 90-168), aka Ptolemy - the Greek geographer, mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer - in pinpointing his Silk Road route. Abstract : It is generally believed that the Silk Road started from Chang'an and the end of the Silk Road was in Daqin, the ancient Chinese name for the Roman Empire. Most 14th - 17th-century Italian pottery, beginning with the early Renaissance period, bears a distinct, China-inspired influence. The Silk Road was a nickname given to any route that led across China to Rome. The Silk Road began during the Han Dynasty in the Golden Age of China. As the marine channel for silk became more and more famous, Silk Road trade began becoming . Trading Gold for Salt: Ancient Africa. This fact, plus the fact that they bred large horses, has convinced many historians that the Dayuan are the descendants of Alexander the Great, blended with the local Bactrians (hence the designation "Greco-Bactrian"), themselves Indo-European migrants who had entered parts of India (India at that time was much larger than present-day India) and the northeastern fringes of what eventually became part of the greater Persian Empire. The Xiongnu tribes, in contrast, were hostile toward their Han Chinese neighbors - very aggressively so, in fact - which is what prompted China's first emperor, Emperor Qin of the Qin Dynasty, to erect the first Great Wall in BCE 214. The One of the most important introductions to the West, thanks to the Silk Road, was a newly steeped beverage popular in China called tea! Advances in technology and increased political stability caused an increase in trade. The travel accounts - and "findings" - of Zhang Qian appear in the Early Han Dynasty historical chronicles, Records of the Grand Historian (aka Shiji) compiled by Sima Qian, the 1st century BCE "Grand Historian" himself, aka the Father of Chinese Historiography, whose chronicles sketched the ancient history of China from the earliest times - i.e., from the time of the legendary Yellow Emperor, aka the Father of China - to the time of Emperor Wu Di. The Silk Road was a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction between the West and East. Why did the Silk Road begin and end? Answer (1 of 6): The Silk Road connected the East and West from China to the Mediterranean Sea. And trade possessions of countries! Why did the Silk Road start? question. Salt mining and transportation was medieval big business. The Silk Road was a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction between the West and East. Silk Road, some historians favor the term Silk Routes because it better reflects the many paths taken by traders.The Silk Road extended approximately 6,437 kilometers (4,000 miles) across some of the world's most formidable landscapes, including the Gobi Desert and the Pamir Mountains. We base in Guilin, with over 20 years of different styles of travel and tour service experience. Established when the Han Dynasty in China Live TV. Then Ill look for it!! Of course, the Egyptians and the Nabataeans were themselves major consumers of Silk Road goods, and during the later period of the Silk Road trade (it still exists in a modern sense, of course), much of the silk exported from China was in the form of raw silk that was shipped to the Middle East to be processed into more exquisitely refined garments in keeping with the increasing demand for more delicate and more beautiful garments as a result of the saturation of the market - as today's economists would put it - with more common silk garments (think: silk damask, whose etymology derives from the name Damascus). Countless merchants, travelers, warriors, conquerors have traversed the desert and ruins, towns with . In addition to the silk for which it was named, the various peoples of Asia transported all types of commodities and other goods along the route, from jewelry and spices to rice and ivory. Start studying Silk Road (Commerce and Culture) - Ploesser. The Silk Road stretched around 4,000 miles, so extremely few people would have travelled the entire length of it themselves. Established when the Han Dynasty in China officially opened trade with the West in 130 B.C., the Silk Road routes remained in use until 1453 A.D., when the Ottoman Empire boycotted trade with China and closed them. Manage Settings This ancient route not only circulated goods, but also exchanged the splendid cultures of China, India, Persia, Arabia, Greek and Rome. Silk Road, also called Silk Route, ancient trade route, linking China with the West, that carried goods and ideas between the two great civilizations of Rome and China. By entering your details, you are agreeing to our terms and conditions and privacy policy. China The Silk Road began in north-central China in Xi'an (in modern Shaanxi province). In other words, once the kings of Europe and the princes of Parthia had set their eyes on silk, had discovered the exciting taste of spices, and had seen the exquisitely crafted Chinese works of art made of gold, silver, jade, and ivory, they coveted these exotic things. This holiday season, we commemorate the epic Silk Road and the gifts it has brought to us from the Orient. The Persian Royal Road ran from Susa, in north Persia to the Mediterranean Sea in modern day Turkey and featured postal stations along the route with fresh horses for envoys to quickly deliver messages. Join our newsletter for exclusive deals, offers, special news, & more! An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Try it out! At one end was China. The Chinese had learned how to manufacture this luxurious material from silkworms perhaps as early as the third millennium BC and, for a long time, they were the only people who could produce it. Additionally Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism and Nestorianism were all introduced to China and parts of India because of the Silk Roads influence. Last year, the life of tea merchants on the revered Silk Roadwas commemorated. Another factor that contributed to the demise of the overland Silk Road trade route was the CE 1330 outbreak in China of the bubonic plague (aka the Black Plague, Black Death, etc. Maybe you have already? A limited maritime Silk Road trade in the most exquisite items of the Ming and Qing Dynasties continued. Emperor Wu was eager to gain new commodities through trade with the west & the Silk Road was opened in 130 BCE. The road was still in use in the late middle ages and famously the Venetian explorer Marco Polo travelled along it to China in the 13th century (although his story is increasingly questioned by historians). By the early 1900s, tea was being grown in new places like Indonesia, Sumatra, Kenya, and other parts of Africa; tea bags and sachets emerged as the easier way for individuals to brew tea, and this comforting drink was being consumed just about everywhere. Not at all. But the Han Chinese were also master craftsmen in the use of precious metals, precious stones, and ivory to be used in the fashioning of exquisite objects of art. Oldest of the marine Silk Road routes exist between southern china and islands of Indian Ocean and South Pacific Coast. The Route's very nature changed as navigators found ways of trading directly with producers in the Far East, cutting out the 'middlemen' of merchants who had traversed different parts of Central Asia. . Nabataea lay south of this, in what is present-day Lebanon. Road salt first appeared in the United States, when New Hampshire began to experiment with granular sodium chloride in 1938. The "how" of the Silk Road route (how it came into being) is less complicated but is also inseparable from the "why" of the Silk Road route: the Chinese people, by the time of the Qin and Han Dynasties, had become master craftsmen, skilled in the art of weaving and in the art of silkworm husbandry, which in turn required the careful planting and nurturing of the mulberry tree (family Moraceae) - whose leaves were the food on which the silkworm larvae feed - leading to the creation of that most fantastic of fabrics, silk. Silk Road 2.0 shut down by FBI and Europol on 6 November 2014. Similarly, the art of lacquering wood had a major influence on Renaissance period furniture manufacturing in Europe, especially furniture for the court, for high-ranking ministers and for the increasingly wealthy bourgeois class, including the production of small boxes designed for the safe-keeping of sundry personal items - everything from snuff boxes to jewelry boxes, the latter of which played music, a Western refinement to an ancient Chinese concept. However, the Silk Road identified by von Richthofen was a much more restricted route than the Silk Road route mapped out by a later Orient expert, Dr. Albert Herrmann (1886-1945) of Harvard University in the U.S. Nowadays, the Silk Road has become a popular route for tourism, while policymakers speak about developing new silk roads across Asia to boost economic growth in the continent. At the other end was Rome. The name Silk Road was only coined in the 19th century, but the routes it refers to originated around the second century BC. The Silk Road was a vast trade network connecting Eurasia and North Africa via land and sea routes. the silk road is approximately 6,437 kilometers and 4,000 miles, The Silk Road was used in the Han Dynasty. Religions in particular were spread along the road and this is how, for example, Buddhism travelled from India to China. Further west, in Central Asia, and southward (toward India) and northward there were several alternate, early-period Silk Road routes, not unlike the Silk Road route development in China, where the natural contours of the local and regional terrain often determined the exact local route, with several alternate routes to choose from. What are the reasons why the Silk Road was established? The Xiongnu tribes (Turkic tribes, though the Xiongnu were later referred to as Huns, when they pushed/ migrated westward into first northern, then southern Europe, even sacking Rome in CE 451 under the leadership of Atilla (the Hun), aka the Scourge of God) of the north had moved into the region located immediately north of late 3rd century BCE China (note that whereas the 3rd century CE denotes the period CE 200-300, the 3rd century BCE obviously denotes the period BCE 300-200), driving out the Yuezhi tribes living there who had maintained friendly relations with their Han Chinese neighbors. Sources. Established when the Han Dynasty in China officially opened trade with the West in 130 B.C., the Silk Road routes remained in use until 1453 A.D., when the Ottoman Empire boycotted trade with China and closed them. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page. Advances in technology and increased political stability caused an increase in trade. The Silk Road was the main transportation route connecting ancient China with Western Europe, which is as long as more than 14,000 miles. The Silk Road was the main transportation route connecting ancient China with Western Europe, which is as long as more than 14,000 miles. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Because China silk comprised a large proportion of the trade along this ancient road, in 1877, it was named the 'Silk Road' by Ferdinand von Richthofen, an eminent German geographer. By the end of the Tang (CE 618-907) Dynasty, the otherwise blossoming overland Silk Road trade had already begun to decline, but was revived for a time during the Song (CE 960-1279) Dynasty, then declined thereafter until the emergence of the Yuan (CE 1279-1368) Dynasty. And it would take more than a year to . The Silk Road began in north-central China in Xi'an (in modern Shaanxi province). The Silk Road" is an ancient overland trade route that connects China with Europe. Why did the silk road begin where did it? The Silk Road's Eastern End is in present day China , and its main Western end is Antioch. A caravan track stretched west along the Great Wall of China, across the Pamirs, through Afghanistan, and into the Levant and Anatolia. In 1939 when Japanese captured all seaports in China, the government of Kuomintang asked the USSR to build an automobile road which partially coincided with the northern route of the Silk Road. The silk road began in China at the South China Sea and ended at the Mediterranean Sea. In fact, perhaps the most enduring legacy of the Silk Road is the mixing of cultures and ideas that it facilitated. How to Market Your Business with Webinars? BBC History Revealed discovers how this vital artery sprung up from a second-century BC rumour. Technology was also disseminated via the Silk Road, including the Chinese inventions of paper and gunpowder. Why did the Silk Road begin and end? It was not actually a road. In other words, the Silk Road can be seen as a prehistoric internationalization or a microcosm. Because silk was the major trade product which traveled on this road, it was named the Silk Road in 1877 by Ferdinand von Richthofen - a well-known German geographer. But the emperor was highly interested in the things that his emissary could tell him about China's neighbors to the west (Central Asia) and to the southwest (India). The village of Kyzyl Suu was thus believed by Herrmann to be the westernmost, or terminal, point of the Chinese Silk Road caravans. Its length was about 4,000 miles (more than 6,400 km). question. Silk Road Silk Road, also called Silk Route, ancient trade route, linking China with the West, that carried goods and ideas between the two great civilizations of Rome and China. In 1346 the trade also likely carried the deadly bubonic plague that killed as many as half of all Europeans within 7 years in what is known as the Black Death. For example the route contributed to the spread of Islam, with many Arab Muslims travelling along the Silk Road to China in order to spread the Islamic faith. I was forced to read this for schoolbut its not bad. The origins of gunpowder are less well known, although there are references to fireworks and firearms in China as early as the 600s. Originally a caravan route and used from c. 100 BC, 6,400-km route began in Xi'an, China, followed the Great Wall to the northwest, Dr. Fang Lili, Member of National Committee of experts for China intangible culture heritage protection, Chairman of China Artistic . We are thankful for the opportunity to sit around our tables with family and friends and enjoy a meal, laughter, and a nice, warm cup of Heavenly Tea. Silk went westward, and wools, gold, and silver went east. "Learned people have remarked that in the whole world there is no commerce comparable to that of China. In addition to the silk for which it was named, the various peoples of Asia transported all types of commodities and other goods along the route, from jewelry and spices to rice and ivory. Of course, Marco Polo (1254-1324) had been one of the first such famous China travelers, returning to Europe with glowing praise of all things Chinese. As a way, the Silk Road was a transport line originally which became a carrier took response to the communication between ethnic groups and nations. Why Did The Silk Road Begin? Historians believe that gunpowder was indeed exported along the Silk Road routes to Europe, where it was further refined for use in cannons in England, France and elsewhere in the 1300s. The Yuan Dynasty's Mongol rulers were quite eager to embrace China's Muslims and their religion, with the result that Islam was allowed to spread freely across China via the overland Silk Road (though the spread of Islam restricted itself chiefly to the western part of China, where China's Turkic minorities live, not making much headway against Buddhism, Taoism (itself being crowded out by Buddhism) or Confucianism (itself having been forbidden by various former emperors)), and where the Muslim middlemen merchants of Central Asia essentially controlled the overland Silk Road trade, which arrangement was initially to everyone's liking. According to Ptolemy himself, the rendezvous point was a stone tower (lithinos pyrgos) at the foot of the "Hills of Komedai", which many historians believe to be the city of Irkeshtam in present-day Kyrgyzstan, a city that lies almost at the summit ridge of the Pamirs (but perhaps at the foot of one of these peaks, as mountain peaks inevitably beget valleys, however small and shallow), adjacent to the border between Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang. It was highly prized by other civilisations especially Ancient Rome and so it became one of Chinas main exports and the currency by which they often paid for the goods that they required. The pastoral peoples' demands for food. Silk Route trade became increasingly popular with European merchants from the thirteenth century onwards. Terms in this set (4) Some key motives for Europeans during the Age of Exploration was they wanted to find a new sea route to Asia, they wanted knowledge, they wanted to spread Christianity, they wanted wealth and glory, and they wanted spices. Starting from Quanzhou Fujian Province, the maritime Silk Road was the earliest voyage route that was formed in the Qin and Han dynasties, developed from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties, and fell into decline in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In addition to the Silk Road, another, smaller path, containing a caravan network, called theTea Horse Roadalso became important in facilitating the tea trade in China and Tibet. As early as the Tang (CE 618-907) Dynasty, there was a maritime Chinese trade route (not generally considered a Silk Road trade route, however) that originated at the mouth of the Hong ("Red") River in present-day Vietnam, near the present-day city of Hanoi. This month, Heavenly Tea Leaves pays homage to the famous historical path from East to West that made it possible for the whole world to unite over tea as we do today. Although the trade network is commonly referred to as the . Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Trade. Why are political systems important for trade? It's because silk was one of the key goods traded along the route. Then, why was the Silk Road important to the Han Dynasty? Why did the Silk Road begin and end? This theory would place the rendezvous point between the Levantine and Chinese caravans on the eastern side of the Pamirs, rather than atop them. A caravan track stretched west along the Great Wall of China, across the Pamirs, through Afghanistan, and into the Levant and Anatolia. The Silk Road was the main transportation route connecting ancient China with Western Europe, which is as long as more than 14,000 miles. Khujand lies at the western entrance to the Fergana Valley, which in turn lies just north of the narrow, east-west mountainous strip, the Alay Mountains, that divides the Fergana Valley from the Kyzyl Suu Valley, the latter of which, according to Herrmann (as we will see in the next section), is the site of one of the first routes of the overland Silk Road.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'chinatravel_com-banner-1','ezslot_5',139,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-chinatravel_com-banner-1-0'); The other subsidiary factor that played a significant role in the opening of the overland Silk Road trade route was the fact that the Chinese traders in question, as indicated, had acquired larger horses, which they obtained from the Dayuan people who lived in the aforementioned Fergana Valley; while the Levantine trade caravans used camels, since they crossed vast deserts, their Chinese counterparts preferred horses.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'chinatravel_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_6',120,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-chinatravel_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); The Dayuan were a large-specimen, fair-haired people who were neither of Turkic or of Chinese origin. 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