He finally launched a full invasion of Jerusalem in 1187, and annihilated the crusader army at the Battle of Hattin in July. Manufacturing, finance, and other services, https://www.britannica.com/place/Damascus, UNESCO World Heritage Convention - Ancient City of Damascus, Damascus - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Damascus - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). It occupies the former location of the decumanus maximus (main east-west thoroughfare) of the Classical city, which lies some 15 feet (5 metres) below the modern street level; no cardo maximus (main north-south thoroughfare) has been positively identified. [19] The city is also known as A-m by the citizens of Damascus, of Syria and other Arab neighbors and Turkey (e-am). The Damascus suburb of Ghouta suffered heavy bombing in December 2017 and a further wave of bombing started in February 2018, also known as Rif Dimashq Offensive. [12] First settled in the 3rd millennium BC, it was chosen as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 750. [34], Some of the earliest Egyptian records are from the 1350 BC Amarna letters, when Damascus (called Dimasqu) was ruled by king Biryawaza. The name of the time zone is Asia/Damascus . [116] The migration of Syrian youths to Damascus has resulted in an average age within the city that is below the national average. Pop. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. There are other daily puzzles for October 15 2021 - 7 Little Words: Ruling 7 Little Words. Another heavily visited site is Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque, where the tomb of Zaynab bint Ali is located. Sayyidah Ruqayya Mosque, the shrine of the youngest daughter of Husayn ibn Ali, can also be found near the Umayyad Mosque. an ancient city (widely regarded as the world's oldest) and present capital and largest city of Syria; according to the New Testament, the Apostle Paul (then known as Saul) underwent a dramatic conversion on the road to Damascus. How many universities in Texas have football teams? The Babylonians - Learn about ancient Babylon and the people who lived there. The old city of Damascus is considered to be among the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world. Many Other sport clubs are located in several districts of the city: Barada SC, Al-Nidal SC, Al-Muhafaza, Qasioun SC, al-Thawra SC, Maysalun SC, al-Fayhaa SC, Dummar SC, al-Majd SC and al-Arin SC. [95] Later on, the Black Death of 13481349 killed as much as half of the city's population.[96]. From an unguarded part of the wall that surrounded Damascus, in the darkness of the night, probably where some overhanging houses, as is usual in Eastern cities, opened upon the outer country, they let Paul down from a window in a basket. It is known for its unique patterns that are formed from forging different types of steel together that result in an impressive looking finish. The number of these baths increased to 365 during the Ottoman era, then decreased drastically to reach 60 baths in the late nineteenth century AD. Later, Demetrius III Philopator rebuilt the city according to the Greek hippodamian system and renamed it "Demetrias". Little appeared to have changed in the city: one army had simply replaced another. This church is independent of the Middle Eastern-based Syriac Orthodox Church in Damascus and has its own leadership and structure in India, although both practice the same or similar denomination of Christianity. [140] The green line will be an essential westeast axis for the future public transportation network, serving Moadamiyeh, Sumariyeh, Mezzeh, Damascus University, Hijaz, the Old City, Abbassiyeen and Qaboun Pullman bus station. There are 700,000 members of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch in Syria, who are the bulk of the Christian population alongside 400,000 Assyrians/Syriacs and 30-100,000 Armenians and 350,000 Catholics. The title track taken from the eighth album DRIVING TO DAMASCUSCopyright 1999.Lyrics & Music: Stuart Adamson, Mark Brzezicki, and Bruce WatsonStuart Adamson . The Christian inhabitants of the notoriously poor and refractory Midan district outside the walls (mostly Orthodox) were, however, protected by their Muslim neighbors. To the south-east, north and north-east it is surrounded by suburban areas whose history stretches back to the Middle Ages: Midan in the south-west, Sarouja and Imara in the north and north-west. [65] The governor assigned to the city which had been chosen as the capital of Islamic Syria was Mu'awiya I. The crusade came to an end peacefully, with the Treaty of Jaffa in 1192. In 998, hundreds of Damascus' citizens were rounded up and executed by him for incitement. 2- The environment is not healthy at all because of the emissions of diesel and gasoline from cars especially the public transportation buses. Find directions to Damascus, browse local businesses, landmarks, get current traffic estimates, road conditions, and more. As of 2020, 11.9% of Damascus, MD residents were born outside of the country (2.04k people). In 1963 the Bath Party came to power through a coup and embarked on an experiment of socialist reform. Damascuss position on the edge of the desert and at the eastern end of the easiest route through the Anti-Lebanon range made it a trade centre where caravan routes originated and terminated. Throughout its history, Damascus has been part of the following states: Damascus has a wealth of historical sites dating back to many different periods of the city's history. Telephone: 962-77-5700781 and 962-79-7433882. Time Difference. Where is Syrian Arab . Still, despite rapid modernization, as well as periods of neglect and greed throughout the millennia, Damascus has thus far managed to survive with its unique core intact. Christians represent about 15%20% of the population. Click to go to the page with all the answers to 7 little words November 8 2020 (daily bonus puzzles). It was the first capital of the Muslim Empire after the whole of the Arabian peninsular was brought under Muslim control. The Syrian National Congress in March adopted a democratic constitution. It is home to the annual Damascus Flower Show. [88], Ayyubid rule (and independence) came to an end with the Mongol invasion of Syria in 1260, in which the Mongols led by Kitbuqa entered the city on 1 March 1260, along with the King of Armenia, Hethum I, and the Prince of Antioch, Bohemond VI; hence, the citizens of Damascus saw for the first time for six centuries three Christian potentates ride in triumph through their streets. These deliveries strengthened and modernized the public transport of Damascus.[138][139]. The physical limits of terrain and finite water sources argue for decentralization to satellite communities some distance away. As modern metallurgy techniques improved, so have modern versions of Damascus steel. [63] In August, the two sides met along the Yarmouk River where they fought a major battle which ended in a decisive Muslim victory, solidifying Muslim rule in Syria and Palestine. In fact, it is the oldest city that has always been inhabited! In the 1st millennium bce, Damascus became the capital of an Aramaean principality whose history is known mainly through biblical references and Assyrian records. Many recreation centers operate in the city including sport clubs, swimming pools and golf courses. Sbalchiero in: Laurentin/ Sbalchiero (2007), p. 10931097. One linked the city to the northwest with the suburb of liyyah, which was established in the 12th century by immigrants from Jerusalem on the slopes of Mount Qsiyn; the second extended as a long, narrow strip southward along the road leading to the awrn and Palestine. The first certain written reference to the city is in the hieroglyphic tablets of Tell el-Amarna in Egypt, where it is listed among territories conquered by Thutmose III in 1490 bce. Many secondary streets and some of the most prominent features of the Old City owe their positions to the Roman city planners of the 2nd and 3rd centuries ce. He also began to assert his independence from Nur ad-Din, and with the death of both Amalric and Nur ad-Din in 1174, he was well-placed to begin exerting control over Damascus and Nur ad-Din's other Syrian possessions. [2] The citys orthogonal plan deteriorated during the late Byzantine period in the 6th and 7th centuries. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. [43] The Aramaeans initially turned Damascus into an outpost of a loose federation of Aramaean tribes, known as Aram-Zobah, based in the Beqaa Valley. These new neighborhoods were initially settled by Kurdish soldiery and Muslim refugees from the European regions of the Ottoman Empire which had fallen under Christian rule. Like the rest of Syria, the city was Christianized by the 4th century. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. This construction boom culminated in two monumental khns, erected south of the Great Mosque in 1732 and 175152, respectively, by two members of the al-Am family, Sulaymn Paa and Asad Paa, who dominated the political scene in the 18th century. The majority of Muslims are Sunni while Alawites and Twelver Shi'a comprise sizeable minorities. With Alexander the Greats conquest in 333 bce, Damascus became part of the Hellenistic world for almost a thousand years. A huge number of the city's artisans were taken to Timur's capital at Samarkand. The Roman architects brought together the Greek and Aramaean foundations of the city and fused them into a new layout measuring approximately 1,500 by 750m (4,920 by 2,460ft), surrounded by a city wall. A number of Akkadian spellings are found in the Amarna letters, from the 14th century BC: Dimasqa (), Dimsq (), and Dimsqa (). (1998) "The Allies Enter Damascus". 174. Syria Damascus, Syria. Damascus is Syria's. The Arab geographer, al-Muqaddasi, visited Damascus in 985, remarking that the architecture and infrastructure of the city was "magnificent", but living conditions were awful. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. At the suburb of Soufanieh a series of apparitions of the Virgin Mary have reportedly been observed between 1982 and 2004. Let's look at how Damascus steel compares with other types of steel, in the areas of toughness, edge retention, corrosion resistance, and sharpness. The total length of the Hejaz Railroad from Damascus to Medina was 1,320 km or approximately 820 miles. Damascus is a major cultural center of the Levant and the Arab world. It is Syria. The fifth and the seventh Pan Arab Games were held in Damascus in 1976 and 1992 respectively. All other remaining members of Imam Husain's family (left alive after Karbala) along with heads of all other companions, who were killed at Karbala, were also brought to Damascus. They would, however, recognize the spirit and dynamism of the city that has epitomized urban life since the beginning of history. The old part of the city is surrounded with 4.5-kilometre-long (2.8-mile) thick walls,[13] pierced by the seven historical gates, the eighth gate was added later by Muslims. The old city which is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, [1] contains numerous archaeological sites, including some historical churches and mosques. This puzzle was found on Daily pack. The Old City was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1979. Damascus Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc. What happened to Damascus? One of these kingdoms was Aram-Damascus, centered on its capital Damascus. There was a small Jewish community namely in what is called Haret al-Yahud the Jewish quarter. Miller records that in 1867 the population of the city was 'about' 140,000, of whom 30,000 were Christians, 10,000 Jews and 100,000 'Mohammedans' with fewer than 100 Protestant Christians. During the Damascus affair of 1840 the false accusation of ritual murder was brought against members of the Jewish community of Damascus. After re-capturing Acre, Richard defeated Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf in 1191 and the Battle of Jaffa in 1192, recovering most of the coast for the Christians, but could not recover Jerusalem or any of the inland territory of the kingdom. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander's generals, made Antioch the capital of his vast empire, which led to the decline of Damascus' importance compared with new Seleucid cities such as Latakia in the north. [33] However, evidence of settlement in the wider Barada basin dating back to 9000 BC exists, although no large-scale settlement was present within Damascus' walls until the second millennium BC. The Damascus Straight Street (referred to in the account of the conversion of St. Paul in Acts 9:11), also known as the Via Recta, was the decumanus (eastwest main street) of Roman Damascus, and extended for over 1,500m (4,900ft). The modern-day Damascus argument is based on Isa. [144] These coffeehouses have had in the past an international reputation, as indicated by Letitia Elizabeth Landon's poem, Cafes in Damascus, of 1836. Damascus was the seat of the sultans deputy in Syria, with a miniature court fashioned after that of Cairo. The satellite coordinates of Damascus are: latitude 4054'8"N and longitude 8057'19"W A four-line metro network is expected be in operation by 2050. After Assyria led by Tiglath-Pileser III went on a wide-scale campaign of quelling revolts throughout Syria, Damascus became totally subjugated by their rule. Early settlers were naturally attracted to a place where a river, the Barad, rising in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains (Al-Jabal al-Sharq), watered a large and fertile oasis before vanishing into the desert. Consequently, Zengi withdrew his army and focused on campaigns against northern Syria. After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, Damascus became the site of a struggle between the Seleucid and Ptolemaic empires. Expert Answers: Damascus is the capital of the Syrian Arab Republic; it is likely also the country's largest city, following the decline in population of Aleppo due to the. Damascus resisted the French takeover, and despite the French bombardment of the city in 1925, the resistance continued until early 1927. A short blossoming spring in March and April is followed by six to seven months of hot dry summer. 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